A

 

Acts of God 6 , 8, 83 , 110, 116, 137, 138, 140

Applicable law 137–160, 170, 172, 173, 178, 185, 195, 197, 198, 199

Article 7.1.7 17, 38, 83, 85, 86, 94, 103, 107, 108, 110, 111, 124, 175, 180, 182, 203

Article 79 CISG 83, 85, 86, 90, 93, 107, 181, 202, 204, 211

 

B

Basis of the contract 29

 

C

Change of circumstances 12, 14, 16, 17, 19-40, 20, 29, 32

Commercial Contracts 15, 17, 23, 42, 85, 107, 149, 155, 156, 160, 175, 203, 205, 207, 208, 210, 211

Commercial litigation 190

Contract adaptation 9, 41-81, 50, 207

D

Datum approach 163-211

Draft Common Frame of Reference 15, 20-21, 23, 25

E

Economic sanction 6, 161-211, 165, 173-211

Exemption from liability 117, 165, 173, 206

Existing Impediment 113-122

Exploration and Production Sharing Agreement 138, 178, 204

 

F

Financial restriction 161-211

Force majeure excuse 83-112

  • Approaches under domestic law 84-112
  • Causation 100-102
  • Insurmountable impediments 95-99
  • Notice requirement (and relevance of actual notice) 103-107
  • performance becomes burdensome 90-94
  • Under the CISG, the UNIDROIT Principles and contractual force majeure clauses 85-112
  • Unforeseeable impediment 94-95, 100
  • versus hardship 90

 

Frustration of contract 6, 24, 26, 37, 41, 44, 82, 84-86, 108, 113-115, 114

G

General principles of law 47-49, 98, 137-160, 173, 183

H

Hardship clauses 11-40, 51, 58-59

 

I

ICC Force Majeure Clause 2003 72, 83, 85, 109, 114-121, 121, 123, 155

ICC Hardship Clause 24, 34-35, 35, 41, 72, 114, 123, 135-136

Impediment 15-16, 83-85, 86, 87-91, 94, 95-97, 98-102, 103-106, 171–188

Impossibility of performance 6, 82-107, 84, 132, 139, 142, 156, 182, 202, 208

Impracticability 26, 41, 44-45, 59, 82, 84-85, 97, 111, 174, 181

Imprévision 6, 12, 14, 17, 26, 28-32, 37

 

 

International arbitration 161–188

International dispute 37, 49, 162–188

International instruments on hardship 15, 15-35

 

L

Legal norm approach 163–167, 184–187, 210

Lex Mercatoria 137, 153, 155, 196, 207

 

O

OHADAC Principles on International Commercial Contracts 15, 23-25

OHADA Draft Uniform Act on Contracts 15, 22

 

P

Principles of European Contract Law 15, 19-20, 25, 46, 72, 124, 202

Procurement of generic goods 87-91

Production Sharing Agreement 138-155, 146, 157, 178

 

R

Reasonable control 116-120, 143, 144, 146, 149

 

S

Self-Induced Force Majeure 118, 122

Sphere of control of the obligor 9, 86-87

Subsequent Impediment 87-99

 

T

Temporary impediment 127, 131, 133, 142, 181

Termination 120-121, 126, 127, 128, 133, 136

Trade restriction 125, 132, 134, 174-175

Trade usages 49

Trade Usages 137-160

 

U

Unforeseeability 83, 108, 117, 139, 141, 146-147, 149, 156, 187, 220

UNIDROIT Principles 17-20, 22, 25, 30, 32-33, 37, 38, 46-50, 55, 56-57, 61, 63, 64, 71, 72-73, 85-86, 90, 93-94, 103, 122, 124, 126-129, 136, 149, 155, 160, 175, 180, 182–184, 186, 202, 203, 205, 208

 

V

Vienna Convention on International Sale of Goods 15, 15-16, 31

vis major 137

 

W

Working Group on International Contracts 11, 18, 33